The order of flats in the key signatures of music notation, following the circle of fifths, is B ♭, E ♭, A ♭, D ♭, G ♭, C ♭ and F ♭ ( mnemonics for which include Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles' Father and Before Eating A Doughnut Get Coffee First).ĭouble flats also exist, which look like (similar to two flats, ♭ ♭) and lower a note by two semitones, or a whole step. Furthermore, the verb flatten means to lower the pitch of a note, typically by a small musical interval. If two simultaneous notes are slightly out-of-tune, the lower-pitched one (assuming the higher one is properly pitched) is "flat" with respect to the other. In intonation, flat can also mean "slightly lower in pitch" (by some unspecified amount). Middle C (midi note 60) is shown with an orange line under the 2nd note on the piano diagram. The chord spelling / formula relative to the Db major scale is: 1 3 5. The D-flat major chord contains 3 notes: Db, F, Ab. To allow extended just intonation, composer Ben Johnston uses a sharp as an accidental to indicate a note is raised 70.6 cents (ratio 25:24), and a flat to indicate a note is lowered 70.6 cents. This step shows the D-flat major triad chord in root position on the piano, treble clef and bass clef. A diminished often appears as B dim or B °. In flat key signatures, the second-to-last flat is the tonic. In sharp key signatures, the last sharp is a half step below the tonic (the first note of a scale). It is produced by taking the 1st, flat 3rd and flat 5th notes of the B Major scale. The order of sharps in key signatures is F, C, G, D, A, E, B, while the order of flats is the opposite: B, E, A, D, G, C, F. In a later step, if sharp or flat notes are used. The B diminished chord (B dim or B °) contains the notes B, D and F. In any other tuning system, such enharmonic equivalences in general do not exist. Every white or black key could have a flat(b) or sharp() accidental name, depending on how that note is used. Under twelve-tone equal temperament, D ♭ for instance is enharmonically equivalent to C ♯, and G ♭ is equivalent to F ♯.
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